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In Greek mythology, Atlas was punished by Zeus and was forced to carry the sky.

Atlas was sentenced to carry the sky, even though it is always portrayed as the earth

Over 50% of the world’s oxygen is provided by algae.

The driest place on Earth is the Dry Valleys Region of Antarctica. Some regions of the Dry Valley have never seen a drop of rain in all of human history.

The length of a day is not exactly 24 hours. The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service is responsible for adding on occasional leap seconds.

President of Uganda and Field Marshal Idi Amin (c. 1925 – 16 August 2003) declared himself King of Scotland. He also declared himself Lord of all the Beasts of the Earth and the Fishes of the Sea and Conqueror of the British Empire in Africa in General and in Uganda in particular.

Clitic

In morphology and syntax, a clitic or cliticum is a morpheme that is grammatically independent, but phonologically dependent on another word or phrase. It is pronounced like an affix, but works at the phrase level. It never receives a

Clitics may belong to any grammatical category, though they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions.

Note that orthography is not a good guide for identifying clitics: clitics may be written as independent words, bound affixes, or separated by special characters. For instance an apostrophe.

A proclitic appears before its host.

English: an apple

French: Je t’aime. – I you–love. = I love you

Ancient Greek: ὁ ἄνθρωπος – the person

An enclitic appears after its host.

Latin: Senatus Populusque Romanus – “Senate people-and Roman” = The Senate and Roman people

Ancient Greek: ánthrōpoí (te) theoíte – “people (and) gods and” = (both) men and gods

A mesoclitic appears between the stem of the host and other affixes.

Portuguese: Ela levá–lo–ia. – She take-it–COND. = She would take it.

The endoclitic splits apart the root and is inserted between the two pieces. Endoclitics defy the Lexical Integrity Hypothesis (Lexicalist Hypothesis) and so were long claimed to be impossible, but evidence from the Udi language suggests that they do exist.Endoclitics are also found in languages like Pashto and are reported to exist in Degema.

On a completely different note; in cryptic language-comedy the term has been used to refer to a medical specialist in the branch of gynaecology.

Lapsarianism

Lapsarianism is the set of Calvinist doctrines describing the theoretical order of God’s decree – in his mind, before Creation – in particular concerning the order of his decree for the fall of man and reprobation. The name of the doctrine comes from the Latin lapsus meaning fall.

Supralapsarianism – also antelapsarianism – is the view that God’s decrees of election and reprobation logically preceded the decree of the fall while infralapsarianism – also called postlapsarianism and sublapsarianism – asserts that God’s decrees of election and reprobation logically succeeded the decree of the fall.

Many Calvinists reject both Lapsarian Views for various reasons. Herman Bavinck rejected both because he sees God’s decrees as eternal. Other Calvinists reject the lapsarian views because they perceive any particular ordering of the decrees as unnecessary and presumptive speculation. Critics of lapsarianism often argue that it is impossible to conceive of a temporal process by which God, in eternity, issued decrees, and it is impossible to know the mind of God without direct, scriptural evidence.

These are the main variety of Lapsarian Views:

– Supralapsarianism
Decree to: Save some and condemn others

– Antelapsarianism
Decree to: Create the elect and the reprobate

– Infralapsarianism
Decree to: Permit the Fall

– Sublapsarianism
Decree to: Provide salvation only for the elect

– Postlapsarianism
Decree to: Provide salvation only for the elect

Historically, part of the appeal of the infralapsarian position is that it can, at least in part, be viewed as a possible theodicy for the logical consequence of predestination that God is the author of sin.

Supralapsarians are often termed hypercalvinists, although, to some, this is a misnomer. To these individuals, all hypercalvinists are indeed supralapsarian, but not all supralapsarians are hypercalvinists.

Predeterminism

Predeterminism is the idea that every event is caused, not simply by the immediately prior events, but by a causal chain of events that goes back well before recent events. For example, one’s personal characteristics are predetermined by heredity, by a chain of events going back before one’s birth.

In philosophical debates about the compatibility of free will and determinism, it is predeterminism back to the origin of the universe that philosophers mean by the more common term determinism. Some philosophers have suggested the term ‘determination’ be used to describe actions as merely determined by an agent’s reasons, motives, and desires.

Predeterminism and the similar term predetermination are often confused with the theological notion of predestination.

Bareux [Expl.]

Wonderful; marvellous; excellent; extraordinarily good or great. A stand-alone term which bears no significant meaning, rather it is used solely as a meaningless attributive expletive which is used especially as an intensifier to express great content or satisfaction.

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On Versatility

“We learned the old-fashioned disciplines of the theatre, and one of the most important things was versatility. If you wanted to be a proper actor, if you wanted to be a Larry Olivier, or a Michael Redgrave or a John Gielgud, you had to have versatility.”

– Peter O’Toole

On a Headache

‘My head feels like there’s a Frenchman living in it.’

– Joseph M. 1998. Blackadder The Whole Damn Dynasty London, Great Britain: Penguin Books (1999) p. 215

On Belgium

“Belgium; a country invented by England and Germany to sort out their differences.”

– Jeremy Clarkson